Abram redder Lot

In Norwegian, plural nouns are formed in different ways depending on their definiteness. The main patterns for forming indefinite plurals include adding "-er", "-r", or "-e", and some nouns do not change in the plural, or have irregular plural forms. Definite plurals end with "-ene".

Examples from the text:

• "fem konger" (five kings) - The plural of "konge" (king) is formed by adding -er, making it "konger" in the plural. This follows a common pattern.
• "venner" (friends) - The plural of "venn" (friend) is formed by adding -er, making it "venner".
• "to byer" (two cities) - The plural of "by" (city) is formed by adding -er, resulting in "byer".
• "menn" (men) - The word "menn" is the plural form of "mann" (man). This is an irregular plural form where the vowel changes and does not follow the regular pattern of adding an ending.
• "menneskene" (the people) - The plural definite form of "menneske" (person) is "menneskene", which is formed by adding -ne for the definite plural.

In Norwegian, the preteritum tense (simple past tense) is used to describe actions or states that were completed in the past. This tense is crucial for recounting events that have already taken place. It provides a clear temporal framework that distinguishes past actions from present or future actions. The past tense of a verb is usually formed by adding the suffix "-et," "-te," "-de," or "-dde" to the end of the verb. However, there are some irregular verbs that don't follow these conjugation patterns.

Examples from the text:

• "De tapte, og de som overlevde flyktet til fjellene" (They lost, and those who survived fled to the mountains) - "tapte" is the preteritum form of "å tape" (to lose), and "flyktet" is the preteritum form of "å flykte" (to flee), both showing actions that happened in the past.
• "Kedor-Laomer tok alt som var verdifullt fra Sodoma og Gomorra..." (Kedor-Laomer took everything of value from Sodom and Gomorrah...) - "tok" is the preteritum form of "å ta" (to take), and it is an irregular verb.
• "Etter at de vant, møtte Abram kongen av Sodoma..." (After they won, Abram met the king of Sodom...) - "vant" and "møtte" are the preteritum forms of "å vinne" (to win) and "å møte" (to meet). Both are irregular verbs.
• "Melkisedek velsignet Abram. Abram ga ham en tiendedel av alt" (Melchizedek blessed Abram. Abram gave him a tenth of everything) - "velsignet" and "ga" are the preteritum forms of "å velsigne" (to bless) and "å gi" (to give), indicating the actions of blessing and giving were completed in the past. The preteritum form "velsignet" follows a standard conjucation pattern of adding "-et" to the main verb, but "ga" is an irregular form.
• "Men Abram sa til kongen i Sodoma..." (But Abram said to the king of Sodom...) - "sa" is the irregular preteritum form of "å si" (to say), showing Abram's statement was made in the past.

The Norwegian preposition "av" is versatile and can be used to indicate various relationships such as origin, belonging, cause, and composition among others. It is often translated into English as "of," "by," or "from," depending on the context. In the provided text, "av" primarily denotes relationships of origin, belonging, or composition.

Examples from the text:

• "Kongene av Sodoma, Gomorra, Adma, Sebojim og Soar fulgte kong Kedor-Laomer, fra Elam" (The kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Adma, Zeboiim, and Bela followed King Kedorlaomer, from Elam) - Here, "av" indicates the regions or cities the kings rule over.
• "Kedor-Laomer tok med seg alt av verdi fra Sodoma og Gomorra" (Kedor-Laomer took everything of value from Sodom and Gomorrah) - "av" is used to express composition, specifying that what was taken included everything considered to be of value.
• "skaperen av himmel og jord" (the creator of heaven and earth) - In this instance, "av" signifies a relationship of origin, indicating what has been created by the entity referred to.
• "tiende av alt" (a tenth of everything) - "av" shows a partitive relationship, indicating a portion (a tenth) of a larger whole (everything).